Thursday 14 December 2017

Quality or Quantity?

In training, which is more important, a focus on quality or quantity?

Depending on who you ask you might get a different answer. Many people will either answer with one or the other, but of course, the reality isn’t that straightforward.
Sometimes quality is the key but at other times quantity is the more important thing. Realistically though, most of the time it actually needs to be both, but to varying degrees.


Different factors affect whether you might conclude quality or quantity as more beneficial.
The main thing to consider is the actual thing you are referring to when trying to determine what focus works better. When asking the questions regarding quality or quantity you might be referring to any of the following.
As a practitioner and a student:
  • Training frequency
  • Class attendance
  • Learning a particular technique, combination, drill or kata
  • Perfecting a particular technique, combination, drill or kata
  • Knowledge & Understanding
As an instructor:
  • Student attendance
  • Class duration
  • Class frequency
  • Business viability
  
These factors would include, of course, the things you are aiming to get out of your training and your attitude towards your Budo.
For example you might train purely for ‘self-defense’ reasons, you might train for your health and fitness, maybe it is a competitive sport for you, maybe it’s just a hobby/past time or maybe it’s a way of life and part of who you are. For any of these reasons to train there needs to be a balance between both quality and quantity.


If your focus is on self-defense and fighting skill, you need to have practiced realistic situations over and over again with a partner, so it becomes second nature for when you need it. If it’s not realistic and practical then the quality isn’t there and you won’t be able to use it in a real confrontation. If you haven’t practiced it over and over again then the quantity isn’t there and you can’t rely on having the muscle memory for your body to be able to react instinctively. Also, with the lack of quantity, you wouldn’t have built up the confidence from facing similar situations many times.

If your focus is on training for health and fitness reasons, the requirement for both quality and quantity should be clear. If you don’t train often enough then the quantity is lacking and you won’t maintain your level of fitness, defeating the purpose of “training for fitness reasons”. If you don’t put the effort in when you do train and you just go through the motions, then the quality is lacking, you won’t get your heart pumping, you won’t burn fat, tone muscle or improve your body (especially cardiovascular system).

If your focus is on making it competitive sport, then you need to train lots and you need to do it well, otherwise you won’t be a winner and no one will want to be your friend.
If you have read some of my other posts, you might understand my disdain for people that turn an art form and a way of life into a shallow competitive farce that caters to people’s insecurities and misleads them into thinking they are real martial artists.

If your focus is on it just being a hobby or past time then it’s entirely up to you how much or little you want to train and how hard you want to work when training. You have the freedom to make your Budo exactly what you want. BUT - if you want to actually get anything out of your training (other than just something to do sometimes), than both frequency of training and the effort/focus you put in will have a direct influence on that thing you want to get from the training.

If your focus is on your Budo being a way of life and part of who you are; then the balance of both quality and quantity are a vital part of it. A person who lives their Budo trains as often as possible, every day. This person never has Budo far from their mind. You can see the Budo in their actions, it’s part of who they are. The quantity goes without saying, all you need to do is ask the people closest to this person, they live and breathe it. Quality is also just as a vital. This person is absolutely dedicated to the perfection of the art form, they are driven to not only by being the best they can be but also by being the best person they can be. Physical quality must accompany mental quality.



Of course, the average Budoka is a mix of the above, they wouldn’t simply fall in to one of these categories. The point is through, that no matter what your focus, no matter what your reasons for training, in general a balance of both quality and quantity are a requirement for any Budoka.




When you consider the specifics of when you should be either more quality or quantity focused, you’ll find that it is both that are required, but sometimes one more than the other.
As a student and practitioner of the way you need to understand what is required from your training.


Training Frequency
What is more beneficial, training more often or better quality training. The obvious answer seems to be ‘better quality training,’ but the quality of the training is what determines a good or a bad Budo school. Having said this, what good is the quality of the training if you only train for about an hour or so every 5 or 6 weeks? Clearly both quality and quantity are important but I think quantity is more important. 
If you lack quantity in your own training, you are likely to forget what you learnt and are probably wasting everyone’s time. Whereas a good student might still learn something even from a poor quality style or school.

Class Attendance
Is it better to train in a class more often or to have better quality training when in a that class?
To my mind quality instruction and class training will always be more beneficial than turning up to a class all the time. This might seem to contradict my point above about training in general, but it doesn't. You might only train with a master once or twice a year, but if you’re training at home regularly then you have the opportunely to work on what the master taught you and you can improve. If you turn up to lots and lots of classes but the class is of poor quality then you probably won’t get very far.
I have seen this first hand, some people travel to Okinawa and train with the world’s best but only once every couple of years, other people train in a dojo with average instructors 6 or 7 times a week. Which would you choose to learn from? Train every day from the goober that probably shouldn’t even be teaching or train with the master only several times in your whole life (I know what I’d choose).


Learning
Quality or quantity when learning is something that academics in the education system have been arguing about for centuries and will probably continue to argue for many more years to come. Of course it’s not just one or the other but a balance of both quality and quantity. Is it better that the child understands what the concepts of the what times-tables are or should time just be spent reciting “2X1=2, 2X2=4, 2X3=6, 2X4=8……..” and so on over and over? Depending on the student and depending on what they are trying to learn, it might be more about either quality or quantity.
The same is true for learning techniques, combinations, drills or kata in Budo. I think in general, start with quantity then add quality as time goes on. For example if you want to learn a new kata, first just learn the pattern and do it over and over. Then learn the bunkai and work on that with the kata over and over. Over time as you correct the techniques you can inject more quality as you work on it, this of course leads to the next point… Perfecting techniques, combinations, drills and kata.

Perfecting
When you aim to perfect what you have already learnt, it must be all about a balance between both quality and quantity. You must be doing it over and over in order to build the skills and make your body more physically able to do it. But having said this, you need to be constantly analyzing and correcting the thing you want to perfect. 
You must be seeking to understand what you’re doing and not just blindly do it without consideration.

Knowledge & Understanding
Is it better to know 65 different kata at an average standard, or is it better to know and understand just one kata extremely well?
Is it better to read hundreds of books about Budo and hope some facts stick, or is it better to have read only a couple of books and actually comprehend and remember them?
Is it to be able to recite many many quotes from the masters or to know only a couple and actually apply those lessons to your Budo?

When it comes to Knowledge and understanding quality (or depth) is always more important that quantity. It’s the difference between being a ‘know-all’ and actually being ‘wise’. 
It’s best to know the one thing really really well rather than lots and lots of crap that you only sort of understand. 
Having said this – quantity is still important.
Even though it’s definitely better to just know the one kata really well, it can be beneficial to also know many others to provide scope and add to the understanding of your primary kata.

Even though it’s definitely better read only a couple of books and comprehend them, having lots of varying knowledge to deepen you own ideas an understanding is good too.
Even though it’s definitely better apply the lessons of the masters, it’s also helpful to
expose yourself to as many ideas and points of view as you can.

So really, it's not one or the other. In most cases it's about the balance between quality and quantity



As a budo instructor the consideration of either quality or quantity (or the balance between them) is also important.


Student Attendance
I have said for many years now “I’d rather have 3 students training with me that are learning, growing and becoming better Bujin, than to have 30,000 ordinary students training that are no more than numbers in an attendance report”
It might seem counter intuitive, but the less students you have the better your school can. Less students means less split focus and you can truly help them learn the way. Isn’t that the point of teaching Budo?

Class Duration
When it comes to how long a typical class should run, it depends on your students. Obviously longer classes means more time to do more or spend more time on a particular thing, so quantity would be the priority. 
But, if most of your students are under 12 years old, then a 4 hour class probably isn’t going to very beneficial for anyone, so quality training in a short time works better. At the end of the day, you need to know your students and find the balance of both the quantity of time and quality in that time that works best for them to learn.

Class Frequency
On the surface it seems clear, more classes more attendance more students paying fees and more chances for them to work on things, but as I said before, Is it better to train in a class more often or to have better quality training when in a that class?
It’s difficult for people to respect you if you’re too available for them. You’ll find your teaching will become a product that can be bought whenever is convenient, rather than knowledge that is valued and worth more than mere money.
Having said this, if you have too little amount of classes available and people will possible loose interest and seek out something that is more available. Once again it’s about balance between frequency of classes and the value of the teachings in those classes.


Business Viability
This is the tricky one. If you’re trying to make a living out of being a Budo instructor then you need to have a certain amount of people training at a certain amount of classes. The problem is, as I’ve already stated, lots of students means you can’t deliver good instruction and lots of classes will cheapen your knowledge and worth as a master.
Lots of people in this situation end up sacrificing something to make it work. Unfortunately my own observations have led me to believe that the bigger and more successful the business, the more shallow, vague and weak the standard of the style is as a whole. There are exceptions to every rule and some rare people have found the formula to make it work and still teach quality Budo.
Once again – it’s about finding the balance between quality and quantity that makes it something special.
My advice to any student or instructor is to be honest with yourself and see if the balance is there.

A real Budoka always has the Quantity, but never at the expense of the Quality.


Comment below to share any thoughts or opinions you might have. J

Thanks for reading.
Derm
Ͼ

Thursday 12 October 2017

Kata Focus - Sochin

Sochin was introduced to Okinawa by Seisho Arakagi based on what he learnt in China from Ru Ru Ko, along with other various Karate and Kobudo Kata. 
This Kata possibly has its origins within the Dragon style of Kung Fu. Sochin bridges the gap between Naha-te and Shuri-te as it originates within the Naha line with Arakaki (Naha master) but the most common versions today are from Shotokan (from Shuri/Tomari). 


Arakagi taught this Kata to Higashionna who in turn taught it to Kenwa Mabuni. 
Mabuni’s style of Shito-Ryu is based on both Naha-te and Shuri-te, as he learnt Karate from both Higashionna and Itosu. 
It is plausible that Gigo Funakoshi learnt Sochin from Mabuni as he was the person who then introduced Soshin into the Shotokan syllabus. 

The Kata utilises the stance Fudo Dachi (which some styles call Sochin Dachi) maintaining a low centre of gravity. This stance is practical/stable and strengthening at the same time, making Fudo Dachi good for both training and bunkai.
Sochin is quite dynamic and rooted in the ground at the same time. Given its various origins and influences Sochin is unlike any other Kata. 

The Meaning of the Kata’s name, ‘Tranquil Force’, can have many different interpretations. The most obvious interpretation is that the name simply refers to the type of techniques used in this Kata. To watch the Kata one might describe the movements as “Tranquil”. Another interpretation might be a description of Sochin’s non-lethal bunkai. As all the bunkai in the Kata would only stop an attacker rather than to permanently injure or kill the opponent (of course this type of non-lethal application of bunkai is not unique Sochin).











Information sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%8Dchin
http://shotokankaratecsl.com/Kata%2020%20-%20Sochin.html
https://iainabernethy.co.uk/content/sochin-bunkai




Comment below to share any thoughts or opinions you might have. J

Thanks for reading.
Derm
Ͼ


Thursday 21 September 2017

Warrior Quotes - Part VI

Quotes are good, but they're only 'surface knowledge'. It's always important to do in-depth research and seek deep understanding.
As well as research, it's also important to be thinking for yourself being analytical and drawing your own conclusions on the Way.

Over the past few weeks I've been sharing some of my favourite quotes regarding the way of Budo.

If you missed previous week's quotes just click here:
Warrior Quotes - Part I
Warrior Quotes - Part II
Warrior Quotes - Part III
Warrior Quotes - Part IV
Warrior Quotes - Part V

Remember - It's best to take your time and try to understand what is really being meant by each quote.



Mas Oyama

"Sword and mind must be united. Technique by itself is insufficient, and spirit alone is not enough."
- Yamada Jirokichi



"1-2 out of every 100 students reach Black Belt and of those only 1 out of every 1,000 achieves his 2nd Dan."
- Masutatsu Oyama



"The Art of Peace is medicine for a sick world. There is evil and disorder in the world, because people have forgotten that all things emanate from one source. Return to that source and leave behind all self-centred thoughts, petty desires, and anger. Those who are possessed by nothing possess everything."
- Morihei Ueshiba



"No one nation or people has a monopoly on the sun and no one art or system as a monopoly on truth."
- Mike Casto



"The Zen master said, "Who binds you?" The seeker of liberty said, "No one binds me." The Zen Master said, "Then why seek liberation?"
- Zen Mondo



"In the end one only experiences oneself."
- Nietzsche



"No one except a fish knows a fish’s heart, no one except a bird follows a bird’s trace."
- Ancient saying
Alan Watts



"Zen is a way of liberation, concerned not with discovering what is good or bad or advantageous, but what is."
- Alan Watts



"We learn something by doing it. There is no other way."
- John Holt




Comment below to share any thoughts or opinions you might have. J
 
Thanks for reading.
Derm
Ͼ

Thursday 14 September 2017

Warrior Quotes - Part V

Quotes are awesome! They the give us insight into the mind of the masters.

Over the next few weeks I'll be sharing some of my favourite quotes regarding the way of Budo.

If you missed previous week's quotes just click here:
Warrior Quotes - Part I
Warrior Quotes - Part II
Warrior Quotes - Part III
Warrior Quotes - Part IV

Remember - It's best to take your time and try to understand what is really being meant by each quote.




"There are two rules for being successful in Martial Arts.
Takuan Sōhō with
Samurai Disciple
Rule 1: Never tell others everything you know."
- Roger H Lincoln



"The art of the sword consists of never being concerned with victory or defeat, with strength or weakness, of not moving one step forward, nor one step backward, or the enemy not seeing me and my not seeing the enemy. Penetrating to that which is fundamental before the separation of heaven and earth where even yin and yang cannot reach, one instantly attains proficiency in the art."
- Takuan Sōhō



"The fastest draw is when the sword never leaves the scabbard. The strongest way to block, is never to provoke a blow. And the cleanest cut is the one withheld."
- Unknown



"When two tigers fight, one is certain to be maimed, and one to die."
- Gichin Funakoshi



"We staunch traditionalists know that appearance is everything. Technique is nowhere near as important as having your pleats straight when you die."
- Steve Gombosi

Kano Jigoro


"The teaching of one virtuous person can influence many; that which has been learned well by one generation can be passed on to a hundred."
- Kano Jigoro



"Meditation is not a means to an end. It is both the means and the end."
- Jiddu Krishnamurti



"A primary aim of Zen is the uncovering of what is known as inherent knowledge. This is not the kind of knowledge that is produced by thinking based on conditioned consciousness. It is said that the ignorant are obstructed by ignorance, while the intellectuals are obstructed by intellectual knowledge. One way of getting past these obstacles and approaching inherent knowledge is to let go of whatever comes to mind."
- Muso Kokushi

Dogen


"Do not follow the ideas of others, but learn to listen to the voice within yourself. Your body and mind will become clear and you will realize the unity of all things."
- Dogen



"If you want the truth to stand clear before you, never be for or against."
- Seng-Ts’an



"Abandoning things is superior, pursuing them is inferior."
- Yen T’ou



"Great faith. Great doubt. Great effort.”
- The three qualities necessary for training



"In the past it was expected that about 3 years were required to learn a single kata, and usually even an expert of considerable skill would only know 3 or at most 5 kata."
- Gichin Funakoshi


Okakura Kakuzo


"Where there is great doubt, there will be great awakening; small doubt, small awakening; no doubt, no awakening."
- Zen saying



"It is not the accumulation of extraneous knowledge, but the realization of the self within, that constitutes true progress."
- Okakura Kakuzo





Comment below to share any thoughts or opinions you might have. J
 
Thanks for reading.
Derm
Ͼ

Thursday 7 September 2017

Warrior Quotes - Part IV

Quotes are awesome! They the give us insight into the mind of the masters.

Over the next few weeks I'll be sharing some of my favourite quotes regarding the way of Budo.

If you missed previous week's quotes just click here:
Warrior Quotes - Part I
Warrior Quotes - Part II
Warrior Quotes - Part III

Remember - It's best to take your time and try to understand what is really being meant by each quote.

Confucius




"To see what is right and not to do it is cowardice."
- Confucius




"Make yourself a sheep, and the wolf is ready."
Russian Proverb



"A wise man can learn more from a foolish question than a fool can learn from a wise answer."
- Bruce Lee

Laozi


"When you are content to simply be yourself and don't compare or compete, everyone will respect you."
- Laozi



"Do your work, then step back. The only path to serenity."
- Laozi



"We are what we think, all that we are arise with our thoughts. With our thoughts we make the world."
- Buddha




Anko Azato
"The purpose of martial arts is not just to build a strong and healthy body, but also to educate one's mind and forge the spirit. Martial arts seek to build the body, improve one's character and find inner-harmony."
- Anko Azato



"Everything we hear is opinion, not fact.
Everything we see is perspective, not the truth."
- Marcus Aurelius



"The farmer channels water to his land, the Fletcher whittles his arrows, the carpenter turns his wood, and the wise man directs his mind."
- Zen saying



"Resolve to be thyself; and know that he who finds himself loses his misery."
- Zen saying



"Some youthful enthusiasts of karate believe that it can be learned only from instructors in a dojo, but such men are mere technicians, not true karateka.
There is a Buddhist saying that “any place can be a dojo,” and that is a saying that anyone who wants to follow the way of karate must never forget.
Karate-do is not only the acquisition of the art of being a good and honest member of society"
- Gichin Funakoshi.

Baizhang Huaihai


"Your treasure house is within; it contains all you’ll ever need."
- Baizhang Huaihai 


"There is no beginning to practice or end to enlightenment, and there is no beginning to enlightenment or end to practice."
- Dogen



"The believer is happy, the doubter wise."
- Greek proverb



"If you do not get it from yourself, where will you go for it?"
- Zen saying






Comment below to share any thoughts or opinions you might have. J
 
Thanks for reading.
Derm
Ͼ

Thursday 31 August 2017

Warrior Quotes - Part III

Quotes are the best! They tell us a lot about the nature of the way.

Over the next few weeks I'll be sharing some of my favourite quotes regarding the way of Budo.

If you missed previous week's quotes just click here:
Warrior Quotes - Part I
Warrior Quotes - Part II

Remember - It's best to take your time and try to understand what is really being meant by each quote.


Yamada Jirokichi

"The way of the sword and the Way of Zen are identical, for they have the same purpose; that of killing the ego."
- Yamada Jirokichi



"We should not dwell on winning or losing in this relative world, but should make the utmost effort to polish our spirit & technique infinitely in Budo."
- Kenjiro Kawanabe



"It doesn't matter how slowly you go, so long as you do not stop."
- Confucius



"Learning without thought is labour lost, thought without learning is perilous."
- Confucius
Qui-Gon Jinn



"Your focus determines your reality."
- Qui-Gon Jinn (Star Wars - Episode 1)



"Truth is universal, perception of truth is not."
- Unknown



"Empty your mind, be formless. Shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle. You put it in a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now, water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend.”
- Bruce Lee



"Learn the form, but seek the formless. Hear the soundless. Learn it all, then forget it all. Learn the way, the seek your own way."
- The Silent Monk (The Forbidden Kingdom)


Inazo Nitobe

"Anger at a petty offence is unworthy a superior man."
- Inazo Nitobe



"Pain is the best instructor, but no one wants to go to his class."
- Hong Hi Choi



"An unwillingness to deal forcibly with violence does not equate to moral rectitude."
- Mary Malmros



"A man who has attained mastery of an art reveals it in his every action."
- Gogen Yamaguchi.



"Even though surrounded by several enemies set to attack, fight with the thought that they are but one."
- Morihei Ueshiba


Miyamoto Musashi
Self Portrait

"Karate is a defensive art from beginning to end"
- Gichin Funakoshi

  
 
"If we look at the world we see arts for sale. Men use equipment to sell their own selves. As if with the nut and the flower, the nut has become less than the flower.
In this kind of Way of strategy, both those teaching and those learning the way are concerned with colouring and showing off their technique, trying to hasten the bloom of the flower. They speak of "This Dojo" and "That Dojo". They are looking for profit.
Someone once said "Immature strategy is the cause of grief". That was a true saying."
- Miyamoto Musashi








Comment below to share any thoughts or opinions you might have. J
 
Thanks for reading.
Derm
Ͼ

Thursday 24 August 2017

Warrior Quotes - Part II

Quotes are great! They the give us insight into the mind of the masters.

Over the next few weeks I'll be sharing some of my favourite quotes regarding the way of Budo.

If you missed last week's quotes just click here:
Warrior Quotes - Part I

Remember - It's best to take your time and try to understand what is really being meant by each quote.



Kenwa Mabuni

"Karate is a lifetime study."
- Kenwa Mabuni



"Many teachers teach a watered down style - no hip action and no depth to their knowledge. You are what your teacher is, and if he knows a lot you should be able to demonstrate this knowledge."
- Yuchoku Higa



"Repetition is the mother of all skills."
- Edgar Sulite



"The purpose of training is to defeat yesterday's understanding."
- Miyamoto Musashi


Bruce Lee

"You can only fight the way you practice."
- Miyamoto Musashi



"If you always put limit on everything you do, physical or anything else. It will spread into your work and into your life. There are no limits. There are only plateaus, and you must not stay there, you must go beyond them."
-Bruce Lee



"Confidence isn't walking into a room and thinking that you're better than everyone, it's walking in and not having to compare yourself to anyone at all."
- Unknown



Patrick McCarthy

"The fighting arts are a pathway between self-protection and self-perfection."
- Patrick McCarthy



"Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something."
- Plato



"We should not dwell on winning or losing in this relative world, but should make the utmost effort to polish our spirit & technique infinitely in Budo."
- Kenjiro Kawanabe


Albert Einstein


"Only one who devotes himself to a cause with his whole strength and soul can be a true master. For this reason mastery demands all of a person."
- Albert Einstein



"Mental bearing (calmness), not skill, is the sign of a mature Samurai. A Samurai therefore should neither be pompous nor arrogant."
- Tsukahara Bokuden



When the student is ready, the Master appears.
- Buddhist proverb



Kensho Tokumura

"Karate aims to build character, improve human behaviour and cultivate modesty; it does not, however, guarantee it."
- Yasuhiro Konishi



"Easy Karate, no good!"
- Kensho Tokumura






Comment below to share any thoughts or opinions you might have. J
 
Thanks for reading.
Derm
Ͼ

Thursday 17 August 2017

Warrior Quotes - Part I

Quotes are great! They are tiny snippets of the master's wisdom, thoughts and ideals.
Sometimes a few words said by the right person in the right way can be immensely influential, even game changing to your Budo journey.

Over the next few weeks I'll be sharing some of my favourite quotes regarding the way of Budo.
Some quotes are simply about Budo training, others are deeper and more philosophical.

Here's a suggestion when reading these:
Try not to just skim over them, it's best to understand what each one is saying. There is so much insight to be gained here if you take your time and seek to understand the point behind the words.
You might have read some or most of these before, that doesn't mean you won't learn something new by reading it again.





"Do not be struck by others, do not strike others. The principle is the peace without incident."
- Chojun Miyagi

Chojun Miyagi



"The ultimate aim of Karate lies not in victory or defeat but in the perfection of the character of its participants."
- Gichin Funakoshi



"Climb the mountain so you can see the world, not so the world can see you."
-Unknown


"The sword has to be more than a simple weapon; it has to be an answer to life's questions."
- Miyamoto Musashi



Miyamoto Musashi


"A black belt is nothing more than a belt that goes around your waist.
Being a black belt is a state of mind and attitude."

- Rick English



"The first five Dan ranks come for what you've gotten out of the system, the next ranks come for what you've given back."
- Unknown




"You may train for a long time, but if you merely move your hands and feet and jump up and down like a puppet, learning Karate is not very different from learning a dance. You will never have reached the heart of the matter; you will have failed to grasp the quintessence of karate-do."
- Gichin Funakoshi

Gichin Funakoshi




"It's not just self defence, it's about...self control, body discipline, and mind discipline...and breath techniques. It involves yoga. It involves meditation. It's an art, not a sport."
- Elvis Presley



"Do not seek to follow in the footsteps of the wise. Seek what they sought."
-Matsuo Basho



Chuang-Tzu

"The perfect man employs his mind as a mirror."
- Chuang-Tzu



"There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so."
- William Shakespeare



"A one sided martial artist is a blind martial artist."
- Unknown




"To win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the highest skill. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the highest skill."
- Sun-Tsu


Gogen Yamaguchi


"Five Secrets of Japanese Goju Ryu.
Move quickly.
Sound, calm mind.
Be light in body.
Have a clever mind.
Master the basics."

- Gogen Yamaguchi




"Your goal is not to impress your enemy, but to defeat him."
- Bohdi Sanders






Comment below to share any thoughts or opinions you might have. J
 
Thanks for reading.
Derm
Ͼ